Colorectal Cancer Is Increasingly Becomingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Colorectal cancer is increasingly becoming? Answer: Introduction Colorectal cancer is increasingly becoming major public health concern worldwide. It affects majorly male population and has adverse impacts on their physical, mental and mental states. In Australia it remains to be number one cause of cancer diseases affecting the population. In 2004, it is estimated that 12,973 cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed. It is the most form of diseases for people under gage of 50 years, (Clinical practice guide, 2008). Thus we the existence negative impacts associated with cancer diagnosis, there is need to provide optimum care to the patients, (Cancer guidelines, 2014) .In this case study we will review patient John who has been diagnosed with cancer and has attended surgery and is now under adjuvant chemotherapy; an approach based on a methodology of cancer management application. He is receiving the services as an outpatient and is currently on a fluoroucil medication; the patient is feeling unwell with the cancer therapy medication and is experi encing various symptoms which are not tolerable to his body. In preview, he is having diarrhoea, nausea with no vomiting, the experience the effects are give him are not well conceivable. In this case review we will analyse Johns case and explore self management. John is worried on his state of health and immediate care plan needed for him to manage the symptoms and effects associated with the therapy. With the treatment plan at hand Johns case seems not to improve, thus in this case study, we shall examine the survivorship protocol in coping up with the effects of medication and the disease in general. Discharge protocol Patient John has been discharged with Fluorocil treatment plan on a chemotherapy management plan. The drug regimes given to him include Dexmethasone for management of chemotherapy effects and metoclo pramide regime. According to Fernardez, et al, (2014), intensive follow up initiatives are helpful in increasing the detection of recurrences of curative surgery in cancer. It leads to improvement in health care recovery and increases the survival measure of patients .Follow up plans for the patients are that outpatient services should be facilitated, with the surgical team being at the forefront to assess the surgical review for the patient. Follow ups are essential for patients for detecting any recurrence which occurs in the early 2 years with 80% occurrence. Initial outpatient services are advised during the initial stages, and they should be planned between 2-6 weeks after discharge. The surgical team review at this stage will involve recovery progress and check for any side effects and address cancer concerns of the patient. Colorectal nurse should be assigned to manage Johns case. Colorectal cancer nurse care for the patient is essential for be tailored for the patient order to provide accessible diagnosis through the treatment plans and after discharge, (Knowles, et l, 2007). Surgical preoperative staging investigations are important for the patient in that prior state can be assessed effectively. Histological bowel cancer assessments are crucial and effective when TNM staging system is used or by using the Dukes classification system. The TNM (Tumoir Node Metatstaisi) assessment tool explains the extent to which the tumour has spread lymph nodes and metastasis and presence of me tastes. The adjuvant chemotherapy used in this case is evident for the reduction of cancer risks. While the radiotherapy combination allows for high risks rectal cancer and is applicable in the palliative colorectal cancer, (King, et al, 2006). Generally for an effective follow up protocol there is need for an early review followed up by 3-6 monthly review for two years and thereafter yearly for an effective review process. Studies have shown that effective colorectal follow up to improves the overall cancer survivor ship and resection rate for the disease and resection for disease occurrence, (Tjadra, Joe Chan, 2007). Models that have been utilised in cancer follow up plans include telephone based surveys, nurse led clinics. In Australia, the general practice practitioners like cancer specialists and patients have warmed up for the adoption of any preferred model for follow up. Signs and symptoms associated with colorectal cancer recurrence Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis sets in via two critical steps which is observed. On theory states that initial steps are observed with somatic mutations in the genetic makeup of the polyposis coli and goes through the four stages of mutation of gene p 53 that progresses the form of carcinoma to cancer, and it takes approximately 10 years for its occurrence. (Todaro et al.,2010). The second colorectal cancer carcinogenesis model involves the instability of microsatellite which influences mutations in the DNA make up. Surgery is often used to manage the state as a curative measure and hence become the most convenient therapy. None the less with this approach, recurrence has been observed, various therapeutic measures have been utilised in managing the recurrence. There are certain symptoms and characteristics which often predicts the recurrence, they include bowel perforation, obstruction and changes occurring in the bowel during the presentation which signified poor prognosis during advance d stages of the diseases, this signs and symptoms have been used as predictors of recurrence, (Aghili et al., 2010). In study of 130 colorectal cancers cases with recurrence of colorectal cancer between 1999-2006, were studied for 20 months, which examinations behind done which included, serum carcinoghraphy of the antigenic level. X-rays of the chest and sonography of the abdomen performed in every 2 months during the first year and increased in the preceding years for 2 years found interesting studies. Patients were grouped into recurring early and those showing recurrence after every 2 years after surgical process. Symptoms of bowel obstruction and changes in the bowel habits are observed with early recurrence. In this study it was found out that early recurrence occurring at the rate of 10% and 20 % respectively with the symptoms stated above. There is a possibility that this patients showing early recurrence might have encountered more advanced disease at initial prese ntation, thus showing signs of developing of tumour related complications like luminal obstruction which has been observed to lead to changes in the normal physique of the bowel in the initial stages of the disease. Patients experiencing late recurrence might not have heard advanced diseases at the initial presenting, which spreads to the serosa an adjacent organ to the to the lymph node which can cause complications like the obstruction of the bowels and perforations, (Yu Y, 2009) . Other clinical manifestation include blood presences in the stool, constipation, changes in the stool consistency as evident from patient John, abdominal pains like cramps, gas and feelings of fullness and weight loss. All this form the manifestation form patient John are evident however not all symptoms are typical of his case scenario. Self-Management Plan Despite the follow up advanced treatments of cancer like screening process for the reoccurrence of the diseases, there is need to look into in-depth factors which have been shown to have significant effect on cancer management. The process of survivorship of cancer involves the impact of physical factors on the patient. Physical related issue include symptoms, and side effects of medication. In this case John is experiencing the side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy; the diarrhoea presence signifies the disease pathogenic factor upon chem. Treatment. This effect has really affected the quality of life John has been living, effect of the disease making him to assist himself on the floor in front of her wife of his wife is tormenting John, it has lowered his status and feels dejected. This is a risk factor for John as he on his path of developing depression and anxiety symptoms, which include factors such as fatigue, pain and fertility symptoms. The impacts of the combined chemo and ra diotherapy can have long term impacts on the care process of John in that it will to prolong effects of diarrhoea. Effects of erectile dysfunction can occur to the patient John, long term use of laparoscopic surgery have been associated with the use of short term side effects . (Hewet et al., 2010). the usage if fluoracil drugs have been found to have an impact on its long term usage. This drugs produce toxicities which include fatigue which might affect significantly patient John later in the disease prognosis and care process, (Pezaro Jefford, 2009). Thus there is need for counteracting the offensive side effects though adequate dieting process. The psychological issues of colorectal survivors like John often portrayed the gap of unmet need for psychological support. The impacts of cancer diagnosis have tremendous psycho logical issues effects on the patient; this often results in various psychological facets which yield emotional, social, personal, and sexual concerns of the patient. In a survey study of colorectal cancer carcinogenesis of 30 survivors with an average of 40 months Medicare, 37% of the patients met the depression state of psychosis measurements. Distress has been to be the most typical of the cancer care. Recommendation of care practice has been advanced with measures such as screening patients for psychological treatment before diagnosiss to determine the extent of unmet need of the patient. In the management protocol there are no gold standard for care and screening tools for the patients to measure distress level. For patient John as much as he is displaying distress n the bad picture the ideas has portra yed on him , he feels weakened and depressed that the diseases has portrayed her on a wicker side thus prolonging diarrhoea on himself in front of his wife. In cancer care in Australia, distress thermometer has been widely used in cancer care for psychological support for patients like John. Other tools such as cancer survivors unmet needs measure has been widely adopted, (Hodgkinson et al., 2007). Different associations such as, The clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial care for adults with cancer have provided framework to follow while diagnosing and managing distress among patients, (NBCC, 2017). The social wellbeing of cancer patients have shown to be well enjoined in the psychological state of the patients. The advancements of disease condition such as stoma among the colorectomy cancer patients have shown to affect the quality of life status. Presence of stoma for the patients have shown to be associated with the changes in diminishing body image and increased financial concerns of the patients. The social issues have been expounded on the extent to which the patients feels supported and impacts on the adjustment of the disease. Patient John can significantly be affected with adjusting on the disease condition, which he seems to be adversely likely to be affected, (NBCC NCCI, 2005). Psychosocial care is thus important for patient like John. It is a key component in ensuring that key quality of life is achieved. Guidelines developed have enhanced the health care professionals in providing high evidenced based care for the patients. Key benefits have geared towards helping the patients needs for psychological help and benefits associated with the care. interventions which have been utilised to effect this include, incorporation of structures problem solving techniques that offers relaxation exposure for the patients, this treatment have been shown to be effective among patients couples and their families, (Clinical Practice et al., 2008). Religion in cancer care has been adopted to provide kind of comfort, peace and special connotation in the time of stress and adverse illness. Studied conducted have shown that patients with cancer diseases, have increased awareness of spiritual concern and increased dependence on religion and player support,(Clay, Talley Young, 2010). Spiritual matters on the other hand have shown to offer broader view of the meaning of life. Both spiritual and religious labelling have advanced to offer meanings and feelings of comfort, peace and faith in the successful adjustment for cancer and thus giving the hope of healing and recovery process. Spiritual matters have shown to have an effect on the coping process and dealing with stressful impacts of life disease such as cancer. For patient John , attachment towards spiritual well being and peace, can be attached to the meaning of cancer survivors knowing the meaning of life, this hence can show that finding meaning in situations of cancer care d uring pain and fatigue can offer protective gesture and improve the overall quality of care for the patients, (Desantis et al, 2014). In working out communication management with the patient, it is important to note that it should be channelled in manner that promotes effective treatment options to the patient. It helps to facilitates problem solving process and treatment procedures available. It is important in controlling parameters such as fears, beliefs, values and cultural issues affecting the patient. Information which include, causes of colorectal cancer, proposed approaches, time and costs involved, emotional reactions and many parameters can be achieved using communication as a key tool. Communication assists the patients to improve the quality of life through proper diagnosis wit the general practitioner or the doctor, (Zhang et al., 2014). Education facilitation process is important in the care for colorectal cancer. Interdisciplinary approach is key in ensuring success for the process. With the high level of education to the patients it is important to note providing tailored education is important in setting and prioritizing key information, (Borneman , et al., 2015). The basic criteria for education criteria for the patient will involve the use of questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the concepts taught and learnt. Self efficacy of the patient is an effective tool in managing the patient condition and ensuring that general practitioners guide will be utilised. Conclusion Colorectal cancer has been the most prevalence cancer type affecting both men and women in Australia and the incidence are expected to increase over the years as the population increase and uptake of screening is increased. Its survivorship is of critical essence in the health care practice of r cancer management. The olden ways of detecting reoccurrence has been through follow-ups whoever new aspects have emerged other aspects such as physical, emotional social and psychological management aspects of the diseased, thus for effective follow up protocol these aspects must be incorporated in the practice and the right guideline procured followed and adhered to. The incorporation of effective communication channels to the patient helps them to understand the diseases state and be able to improve on the self efficacy model to initiate self cancer care management therapy. The utilization of effective follow-ups protocol is essential in managing the diseases state and ensuring that cancer impacts are minimised and contained. Follow-ups need to be systematic based and objective with a ready access to speciality services to facilitate the required care levels for the benefit of the patient. Reference A Clinical Practice Guideline Developed By Cancer Australia. JUNE 2014 |Incorporates published evidence to May 2012 A guide for general practitioners Edition 3 July 2008 Recommendations for the identification and management of fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors Aghili M, Izadi S, Madani H, Mortazavi H. Clinical and pathological evaluation of patients with early and late recurrence of colorectal cancer. 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