Animal Testing For Cosmetics Essay - 1886 Words

Animal Testing (Cosmetics and Medicine) Animal testing for cosmetics and medicine should be banned. Everyday thousands of animals are being tortured for science. The experiments that are performed on these poor animals are very inhumane. Scientists have a choice to make, they can choose to use animals and torture them or they can use alternatives like artificial skin from humans and/or animals to see how they react. For example, In â€Å"The 5 Worst Animal Experiments Happening Right Now† the author states, â€Å"Every year, more than 100,000 primates are experimented on in the United States. Monkeys in labs are subjected to painful, invasive, and irrelevant experiments. They’re starved and restrained, and they’re infected with diseases and pumped†¦show more content†¦Thus meaning that after the animals (in this case rabbits) have been severely burned, the scientists are not required to provide pain relievers. They say that the pain relievers defeat the purpose of testing, but if that’s the case, then the animals can at least be given pain relievers after they record the side effects. â€Å"Animals in the highest-dose groups often endure severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, seizures, paralysis, or bleeding from the nose, mouth, or genitals before they ultimately die or are killed.† When animals aren’t given any type of pain reliever the animals suffer, they suffer from a variety of side effects. Side effects vary from extreme pain to hardly any pain at all. Highest- dosed animals have common side effects of abdominal pain, diarrhea, seizures and in some cases paralysis. Lastly, when animals undergo treatment that inflicts severe pain, scientists should be required to provide pain relievers. I’m sure that when they get headaches or have surgery, they use some type of pain reliever, animals have feelings and emotions like we do except they can’t express themselves the way we can. Animals f eel things, see thing, and experience things they will never forget. In the article â€Å"History of Protests Against Animal Tests.† the author says that â€Å"They citeShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing in Cosmetics Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pageshousehold items such as lotions, shampoos and cosmetics aren’t very expensive and are within reach for the public, yet the public is not knowledgeable of the fact that the products that they use everyday are put through a series of tests which involve the use of harmless animals. Several large commercial companies do not make products for animals; they decide that using these harmless creatures for the testing of their products, could be cause to be harmful to animals still go forward with these types ofRead More Cosmetic Testing on Animal Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Cosmetic Testing on Animals Every year, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests to determine the safety of cosmetics. Substances such as eye shadow and soap are tested on rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that the test results don’t help prevent or treat human illness or injury. Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals and since non-animal alternatives exist, it’s hard to understand why some companies still continue to conduct theseRead MoreEssay on Cosmetics Testing on Animals, Is It Necessary?547 Words   |  3 PagesWhy should animals have to die, just for humans to have cosmetics? It is understandable if you want to cover up a scar on your face, but to just wear makeup because you think you need it, or because you feel like you cannot live without it, is ridiculous. Animals should not be dyeing for our insecurities on how we look, or on how society judges us. If society sees someone who is not Barbie or Ken perfect they judge us, so we put makeup on, it is not right for society to do that. Because of theirRead MoreCosmetic Testing with Animals is Cruel Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesCruelty of Cosmetic Testing on Animals    Each year, thousands of animals are brutally tortured in laboratories, in the name of cosmetic research. A movement to ban animal testing for cosmetic purposes has been gaining popularity, with many companies hopping on the bandwagon against this research. New alternatives have been developed to eliminate the necessity to test on animals. This is only a small beginning of what is necessary to end these immoral acts. Animal testing in cosmetics is uselessRead MoreThe Evils of Cosmetic Animal Testing Essay2159 Words   |  9 PagesA lot of people buy cosmetic products being ignorant to the fact that, that one product has killed a lot of animals. How would you like being sprayed with poisonous liquids, taking poisonous eye drops?, or being fed toxic substances? Cosmetic factories have been doing these inhumane things and more to innocent animals for years. According to PETA, every year, millions of animals are poisoned and killed in barbaric tests that were crudely developed as long ago as the 1920s to evaluate the toxicityRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Cosmetic Industry994 Words   |  4 Pages Synthesis paper In this paper there are three main topics that are going to be covered. They are alternatives to animal testing, animal testing in cosmetics, and the news in the cosmetic industry related to animal testing. For this paper there were four sources that were evaluated. All of them had a few things in common and through that it was easy to link them together through three different subtopics that will be evaluated later in this paper. The first source that I will be using is â€Å"The ScienceRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about prosRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Morality1283 Words   |  6 PagesARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Every year in the United States of America more than 100 million helpless animals will suffer and die from malicious chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests. Rabbits, Cats, birds, reptiles and amphibians are not covered by the minimal protections of the Animal Welfare Act, so they go unnoticed towards the millions of sufferers. Millions of rodents, birds, rabbits, primates, felines, canines, and other types of animals are locked inside barren cages in laboratories acrossRead MoreAnimal Experimentation, Ethics, And Ethics1703 Words   |  7 Pages Animal experimentation and Ethics -Tseten dolkar The practice of experimentation on live animals as known as vivisection is prevalent since the old roman days. In the name of Science, Animals are being mistreated, exploited and murdered worldwide. Animal are usedRead MorePersuasive essay against animal testing764 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Essay against Animal Testing Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I am in favour of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being.†Ã‚  I couldn’t agree more with this statement as I do not believe that animal testing is right and I am totally against it. One of the main reasons I am against animal testing is the fact that the animals don’t have a choice and are being forced to be tested, which can lead to them getting seriously ill or dying as a cause of the

Taking a Look at Gun Control - 1263 Words

Gun control is one of the most controversial topics in our country. There are two main views. The first is the view as it is said in the United States Constitution, they guns should be legal for civilian ownership. The second view, and the severity of its enforcement varies from person to person, it that gun control should be enacted. This could just mean smaller magazines, to no semi-automatic guns, or even to a complete ban. The founding father’s view is basically what is still used today. Guns are allowed, but some states have much stricter regulations on them. Guns are necessary in a country, because of the constitution, and for the purposes of self defense and national security. The Founding Fathers of our country had a very obvious view on gun rights. In the second amendment, it clearly says that the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed (Pendergast 30). This statement does not need to be interpreted to grasp their opinion. They believ ed that guns were a necessary part of the country, and they said it in the constitution. The constitution is the highest law in the land, and what it says is final when viewed by the supreme court, the highest court in the land. The reasoning for this amendment was to keep a well-regulated militia (Pendergast 30). One of the founding fathers, Joseph Story, has a relevant quote. He said, â€Å"The right of the citizens to keep and bear arms has justly been considered, as the palladium of the liberties ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Gun Control1226 Words   |  5 Pageswater in abundance. For healthcare, I will work on improving the Obama care system and provide health care for every living, breathing American. I will do my best to enforce the affordable healthcare act. The Affordable Care Act allows consumers control over their health care options. There should not be an insurance company who won’t cover a person because of a disease that they have. There should not be an elderly person who is turned down for being old. No young American should be denied fromRead MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control 876 Words   |  3 PagesGun Control There is a raging battle in the United States court rooms extending all the way to many communities throughout the US. That battle, or to be more exact, question is, â€Å"would stricter gun control laws be beneficial to the United States?† There are two perspectives on the ever-continuing question, one being that stricter gun control would be beneficial and cause less harm to citizens, and the contrasting view is that it is a right to be able to own guns, and that they are used for protectionRead MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control554 Words   |  2 Pagesto buy a gun nowhere would be safe. People would not like leaving there home because they would feel unsafe and scared. The government needs to make sure the laws are being followed, that they have proper enforcement, and think about the effects on the people if they are too leaniant with the gun control laws. Gun laws are slowly getting less strict the effects of that are being shown today, gun laws should stay the same. If the laws are less strict more criminals will be able to buy guns which isRead MoreDifferent Views on Gun Control841 Words   |  3 Pages Gun Control is a big topic right now and this Op Ed paper will be on the very important topic of gun control. How the laws can be improved and how people think it should be solved. Some think that firearms should be banned altogether. Others think that improving the purchasing of guns and more strict laws will improve the gun violence problem. Better education of handling/safety of guns, better background checks and a test on your knowledge of the gun you are wanting to purchase is the bestRead MoreEssay Americans Should Keep their Right to Bear Arms1107 Words   |  5 Pagesabout controlling guns and many people are trying to discontinue giving citizens the right to own or possess firearm weapons. There are many people who th ink that nobody should be allowed to possess a firearm where as there are many other people that believe they deserve the right to own a firearm for many reasons. Because of the large differential between beliefs on this topic there is a large debate within the US Government whether or not to allow citizens to continue using guns and keep them. Read MoreCalifornia And Washington Dc : The Highest Gun Murder Rate938 Words   |  4 Pageshighest gun murder rate with 1,220 homicides, which accounted for 68 percent or 3.25 gun murders per every 100,000 people. Washington DC had the highest per 100,000 people gun murders with 12 per 100,000 and the highest gun used robberies with 242.56 out of every 100,000 people (Howerton, 2013). Seeing these statistics would probably get you thinking California and Washington DC must be pretty lax on their control, wrong, California was actually even the honors as the strongest state on control, whileRead MoreEssay on Both Sides of Gun Control in t he United States1442 Words   |  6 PagesUsually when people think about guns they think about crime. But are the two really related? Do guns really lead to crime? And if they do, do laws that restrict firearm ownership and the use of guns stop the crime or protect people? These are the questions many politicians are asking themselves when creating gun control laws. The debate over gun control is nothing new. As you can see this debate still goes on today and is the cause for the beginning of gun control laws. Guns are extremely powerful weaponsRead MoreThere Are Four Main Ideological Perspectives In The Political1302 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernmental health care. They would prefer the government take a few steps back when it comes to providing the public with things like welfare, social security, or health care. Conservatives want the government to have more control in social issues and therefore the control on abortion and gay marriage. They also want to maintain traditional â€Å"American† values and like the government to provide people with freedom to make their own decisions in order to reach their goals. These are two general explanationsRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that i s a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreWe Must Stop Gun Control967 Words   |  4 Pagescommitted suicide with a gun and nearly half a million people suffered other gun injuries(4,name) And this is no surprise,as this nation continues to grow rapidly in number.But this nation must not continue to let these statistics to rise,nevertheless continue homicide victims [to be] armed in disappropriate numbers:[as] large and growing proportion of victims are criminals themselves(Polsby,2)The people of the nation must take action by drawing a limit and supporting gun control,for it not only affects

Colorectal Cancer Is Increasingly Becomingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Colorectal cancer is increasingly becoming? Answer: Introduction Colorectal cancer is increasingly becoming major public health concern worldwide. It affects majorly male population and has adverse impacts on their physical, mental and mental states. In Australia it remains to be number one cause of cancer diseases affecting the population. In 2004, it is estimated that 12,973 cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed. It is the most form of diseases for people under gage of 50 years, (Clinical practice guide, 2008). Thus we the existence negative impacts associated with cancer diagnosis, there is need to provide optimum care to the patients, (Cancer guidelines, 2014) .In this case study we will review patient John who has been diagnosed with cancer and has attended surgery and is now under adjuvant chemotherapy; an approach based on a methodology of cancer management application. He is receiving the services as an outpatient and is currently on a fluoroucil medication; the patient is feeling unwell with the cancer therapy medication and is experi encing various symptoms which are not tolerable to his body. In preview, he is having diarrhoea, nausea with no vomiting, the experience the effects are give him are not well conceivable. In this case review we will analyse Johns case and explore self management. John is worried on his state of health and immediate care plan needed for him to manage the symptoms and effects associated with the therapy. With the treatment plan at hand Johns case seems not to improve, thus in this case study, we shall examine the survivorship protocol in coping up with the effects of medication and the disease in general. Discharge protocol Patient John has been discharged with Fluorocil treatment plan on a chemotherapy management plan. The drug regimes given to him include Dexmethasone for management of chemotherapy effects and metoclo pramide regime. According to Fernardez, et al, (2014), intensive follow up initiatives are helpful in increasing the detection of recurrences of curative surgery in cancer. It leads to improvement in health care recovery and increases the survival measure of patients .Follow up plans for the patients are that outpatient services should be facilitated, with the surgical team being at the forefront to assess the surgical review for the patient. Follow ups are essential for patients for detecting any recurrence which occurs in the early 2 years with 80% occurrence. Initial outpatient services are advised during the initial stages, and they should be planned between 2-6 weeks after discharge. The surgical team review at this stage will involve recovery progress and check for any side effects and address cancer concerns of the patient. Colorectal nurse should be assigned to manage Johns case. Colorectal cancer nurse care for the patient is essential for be tailored for the patient order to provide accessible diagnosis through the treatment plans and after discharge, (Knowles, et l, 2007). Surgical preoperative staging investigations are important for the patient in that prior state can be assessed effectively. Histological bowel cancer assessments are crucial and effective when TNM staging system is used or by using the Dukes classification system. The TNM (Tumoir Node Metatstaisi) assessment tool explains the extent to which the tumour has spread lymph nodes and metastasis and presence of me tastes. The adjuvant chemotherapy used in this case is evident for the reduction of cancer risks. While the radiotherapy combination allows for high risks rectal cancer and is applicable in the palliative colorectal cancer, (King, et al, 2006). Generally for an effective follow up protocol there is need for an early review followed up by 3-6 monthly review for two years and thereafter yearly for an effective review process. Studies have shown that effective colorectal follow up to improves the overall cancer survivor ship and resection rate for the disease and resection for disease occurrence, (Tjadra, Joe Chan, 2007). Models that have been utilised in cancer follow up plans include telephone based surveys, nurse led clinics. In Australia, the general practice practitioners like cancer specialists and patients have warmed up for the adoption of any preferred model for follow up. Signs and symptoms associated with colorectal cancer recurrence Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis sets in via two critical steps which is observed. On theory states that initial steps are observed with somatic mutations in the genetic makeup of the polyposis coli and goes through the four stages of mutation of gene p 53 that progresses the form of carcinoma to cancer, and it takes approximately 10 years for its occurrence. (Todaro et al.,2010). The second colorectal cancer carcinogenesis model involves the instability of microsatellite which influences mutations in the DNA make up. Surgery is often used to manage the state as a curative measure and hence become the most convenient therapy. None the less with this approach, recurrence has been observed, various therapeutic measures have been utilised in managing the recurrence. There are certain symptoms and characteristics which often predicts the recurrence, they include bowel perforation, obstruction and changes occurring in the bowel during the presentation which signified poor prognosis during advance d stages of the diseases, this signs and symptoms have been used as predictors of recurrence, (Aghili et al., 2010). In study of 130 colorectal cancers cases with recurrence of colorectal cancer between 1999-2006, were studied for 20 months, which examinations behind done which included, serum carcinoghraphy of the antigenic level. X-rays of the chest and sonography of the abdomen performed in every 2 months during the first year and increased in the preceding years for 2 years found interesting studies. Patients were grouped into recurring early and those showing recurrence after every 2 years after surgical process. Symptoms of bowel obstruction and changes in the bowel habits are observed with early recurrence. In this study it was found out that early recurrence occurring at the rate of 10% and 20 % respectively with the symptoms stated above. There is a possibility that this patients showing early recurrence might have encountered more advanced disease at initial prese ntation, thus showing signs of developing of tumour related complications like luminal obstruction which has been observed to lead to changes in the normal physique of the bowel in the initial stages of the disease. Patients experiencing late recurrence might not have heard advanced diseases at the initial presenting, which spreads to the serosa an adjacent organ to the to the lymph node which can cause complications like the obstruction of the bowels and perforations, (Yu Y, 2009) . Other clinical manifestation include blood presences in the stool, constipation, changes in the stool consistency as evident from patient John, abdominal pains like cramps, gas and feelings of fullness and weight loss. All this form the manifestation form patient John are evident however not all symptoms are typical of his case scenario. Self-Management Plan Despite the follow up advanced treatments of cancer like screening process for the reoccurrence of the diseases, there is need to look into in-depth factors which have been shown to have significant effect on cancer management. The process of survivorship of cancer involves the impact of physical factors on the patient. Physical related issue include symptoms, and side effects of medication. In this case John is experiencing the side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy; the diarrhoea presence signifies the disease pathogenic factor upon chem. Treatment. This effect has really affected the quality of life John has been living, effect of the disease making him to assist himself on the floor in front of her wife of his wife is tormenting John, it has lowered his status and feels dejected. This is a risk factor for John as he on his path of developing depression and anxiety symptoms, which include factors such as fatigue, pain and fertility symptoms. The impacts of the combined chemo and ra diotherapy can have long term impacts on the care process of John in that it will to prolong effects of diarrhoea. Effects of erectile dysfunction can occur to the patient John, long term use of laparoscopic surgery have been associated with the use of short term side effects . (Hewet et al., 2010). the usage if fluoracil drugs have been found to have an impact on its long term usage. This drugs produce toxicities which include fatigue which might affect significantly patient John later in the disease prognosis and care process, (Pezaro Jefford, 2009). Thus there is need for counteracting the offensive side effects though adequate dieting process. The psychological issues of colorectal survivors like John often portrayed the gap of unmet need for psychological support. The impacts of cancer diagnosis have tremendous psycho logical issues effects on the patient; this often results in various psychological facets which yield emotional, social, personal, and sexual concerns of the patient. In a survey study of colorectal cancer carcinogenesis of 30 survivors with an average of 40 months Medicare, 37% of the patients met the depression state of psychosis measurements. Distress has been to be the most typical of the cancer care. Recommendation of care practice has been advanced with measures such as screening patients for psychological treatment before diagnosiss to determine the extent of unmet need of the patient. In the management protocol there are no gold standard for care and screening tools for the patients to measure distress level. For patient John as much as he is displaying distress n the bad picture the ideas has portra yed on him , he feels weakened and depressed that the diseases has portrayed her on a wicker side thus prolonging diarrhoea on himself in front of his wife. In cancer care in Australia, distress thermometer has been widely used in cancer care for psychological support for patients like John. Other tools such as cancer survivors unmet needs measure has been widely adopted, (Hodgkinson et al., 2007). Different associations such as, The clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial care for adults with cancer have provided framework to follow while diagnosing and managing distress among patients, (NBCC, 2017). The social wellbeing of cancer patients have shown to be well enjoined in the psychological state of the patients. The advancements of disease condition such as stoma among the colorectomy cancer patients have shown to affect the quality of life status. Presence of stoma for the patients have shown to be associated with the changes in diminishing body image and increased financial concerns of the patients. The social issues have been expounded on the extent to which the patients feels supported and impacts on the adjustment of the disease. Patient John can significantly be affected with adjusting on the disease condition, which he seems to be adversely likely to be affected, (NBCC NCCI, 2005). Psychosocial care is thus important for patient like John. It is a key component in ensuring that key quality of life is achieved. Guidelines developed have enhanced the health care professionals in providing high evidenced based care for the patients. Key benefits have geared towards helping the patients needs for psychological help and benefits associated with the care. interventions which have been utilised to effect this include, incorporation of structures problem solving techniques that offers relaxation exposure for the patients, this treatment have been shown to be effective among patients couples and their families, (Clinical Practice et al., 2008). Religion in cancer care has been adopted to provide kind of comfort, peace and special connotation in the time of stress and adverse illness. Studied conducted have shown that patients with cancer diseases, have increased awareness of spiritual concern and increased dependence on religion and player support,(Clay, Talley Young, 2010). Spiritual matters on the other hand have shown to offer broader view of the meaning of life. Both spiritual and religious labelling have advanced to offer meanings and feelings of comfort, peace and faith in the successful adjustment for cancer and thus giving the hope of healing and recovery process. Spiritual matters have shown to have an effect on the coping process and dealing with stressful impacts of life disease such as cancer. For patient John , attachment towards spiritual well being and peace, can be attached to the meaning of cancer survivors knowing the meaning of life, this hence can show that finding meaning in situations of cancer care d uring pain and fatigue can offer protective gesture and improve the overall quality of care for the patients, (Desantis et al, 2014). In working out communication management with the patient, it is important to note that it should be channelled in manner that promotes effective treatment options to the patient. It helps to facilitates problem solving process and treatment procedures available. It is important in controlling parameters such as fears, beliefs, values and cultural issues affecting the patient. Information which include, causes of colorectal cancer, proposed approaches, time and costs involved, emotional reactions and many parameters can be achieved using communication as a key tool. Communication assists the patients to improve the quality of life through proper diagnosis wit the general practitioner or the doctor, (Zhang et al., 2014). Education facilitation process is important in the care for colorectal cancer. Interdisciplinary approach is key in ensuring success for the process. With the high level of education to the patients it is important to note providing tailored education is important in setting and prioritizing key information, (Borneman , et al., 2015). The basic criteria for education criteria for the patient will involve the use of questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the concepts taught and learnt. Self efficacy of the patient is an effective tool in managing the patient condition and ensuring that general practitioners guide will be utilised. Conclusion Colorectal cancer has been the most prevalence cancer type affecting both men and women in Australia and the incidence are expected to increase over the years as the population increase and uptake of screening is increased. Its survivorship is of critical essence in the health care practice of r cancer management. The olden ways of detecting reoccurrence has been through follow-ups whoever new aspects have emerged other aspects such as physical, emotional social and psychological management aspects of the diseased, thus for effective follow up protocol these aspects must be incorporated in the practice and the right guideline procured followed and adhered to. The incorporation of effective communication channels to the patient helps them to understand the diseases state and be able to improve on the self efficacy model to initiate self cancer care management therapy. The utilization of effective follow-ups protocol is essential in managing the diseases state and ensuring that cancer impacts are minimised and contained. Follow-ups need to be systematic based and objective with a ready access to speciality services to facilitate the required care levels for the benefit of the patient. Reference A Clinical Practice Guideline Developed By Cancer Australia. JUNE 2014 |Incorporates published evidence to May 2012 A guide for general practitioners Edition 3 July 2008 Recommendations for the identification and management of fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors Aghili M, Izadi S, Madani H, Mortazavi H. Clinical and pathological evaluation of patients with early and late recurrence of colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2010;6:35-41. Borneman, T., Sun, V., Williams, A. C., Fujinami, R., Del Ferraro, C., Burhenn, P. S., ... Buga, S. (2015). Support for patients and family caregivers in lung cancer: educational components of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention. Journal of hospice and palliative nursing: JHPN: the official journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Ass Cancer Survivors Unmet Needs measure, (2007). Psychooncology 2007;16:796804. Clay, K. S., Talley, C., Young, K. B. (2010). Exploring Spiritual Well-Being Among Survivors Of Colorectal And Lung Cancer. Journal of Religion Spirituality in Social Work, 29(1), 1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426430903479247 Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, early detection and management of colorectal cancer A guide for general practitionersEdition 3 July 2008 King, P. M., Blazeby, J. M., Ewings, P., Longman, R. J., Kipling, R. M., Franks, P. J., ... Kennedy, R. H. (2006). The influence of an enhanced recovery programme on clinical outcomes, costs and quality of life after surgery for colorectal cancer. Colorectal Disease, 8(6), 506-513. DeSantis, C. E., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Siegel, R. L., Stein, K. D., Kramer, J. L., ... Jemal, A. (2014). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2014. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(4), 252-271. Hewett, P. J., Allardyce, R. A., Bagshaw, P. F., Frampton, C. M., Frizelle, F. A., Rieger, N. A., ... Stevenson, A. R. (2008). Short-term outcomes of the Australasian randomized clinical study comparing laparoscopic and conventional open surgical treatments for colon cancer: the ALCCaS trial. Annals of surgery, 248(5), 728-738. Hodgkinson, K. B. P. H. G. E. P. S. H. K. M. L. S. K. W. G., Butow, P., Hunt, G. E., Pendlebury, S., Hobbs, K. M., Lo, S. K., Wain, G. (2007). The development and evaluation of a measure to assess cancer survivors' unmet supportive care needs: the CaSUN (Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs measure). Psycho?Oncology, 16(9), 796-804. Knowles, G., Sherwood, L., Dunlop, M. G., Dean, G., Jodrell, D., McLean, C., Preston, E. (2007). Developing and piloting a nurse-led model of follow-up in the multidisciplinary management of colorectal cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 11(3), 212-223. National Breast Cancer Centre and National Cancer Control Initiative 2005 National Breast Cancer Centre and National Cancer Control Initiative. Clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of adults with cancer, 2017. Available at Pezaro, C., Jefford, M. (2009). Early stage bowel cancer: Follow up and survivorship. Australian family physician, 38(4), 205. Pita-Fernandez, S., Alhayek-Ai, M., Gonzalez-Martin, C., Lpez-Calvio, B., Seoane-Pillado, T., Prtega-Daz, S. (2014). Intensive follow-up strategies improve outcomes in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients after curative surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology, mdu543. Tjandra, J. J., Chan, M. K. (2007). Follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Diseases of the colon rectum, 50(11), 1783-1799. Todaro M, Francipane MG, Medema JP, Stassi G. Colon cancer stem cells: promise of targeted therapy. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:21512162. Treatments for colon cancer: the ALCCaS trial. Ann Surg 2008;248:72838. http; www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/cp90syn.htm Yu Y, Kanwar SS, Patel BB, Nautiyal J, Sarkar FH, Majumdar AP. Elimination of Colon Cancer Stem-Like Cells by the Combination of Curcumin and FOLFOX. Transl Oncol. 2009;2:321328. Zhang, M., Chan, S. W. C., You, L., Wen, Y., Peng, L., Liu, W., Zheng, M. (2014). The effectiveness of a self-efficacy-enhancing intervention for Chinese patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow up. International journal of nursing studies, 51(8), 1083-1092.

What Is Nanotechnology Essay Example For Students

What Is Nanotechnology? Essay Computers reproduce information at almost no cost. A push is well underway to invent devices that manufacture at almost no cost, by treating atoms discretely, like computers treat bits of information. This would allow automatic construction of consumer goods without traditional labor, like a Xerox machine produces unlimited copies without a human retyping the original information. Electronics is fueled by miniaturization. Working smaller has led to the tools capable of manipulating individual atoms like the proteins in a potato manipulate the atoms of soil, air and water to make copies of itself. The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called Nanotechnology is ushering in the era of self replicating machinery and self assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3 4 atoms wide). Utilizing the well understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules (how they stick together), nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure. This ability is almost in our grasp. The anticipated payoff for mastering this technology is far beyond any human accomplishment so far Technical feasibilities include:? Self-assembling consumer goods? Computers billions of times faster? Extremely novel inventions (impossible today)? Safe and affordable space travel? Medical Nano virtual end to illness, aging, death? No more pollution and automatic cleanup of already existing pollution? Molecular food syntheses end of famine and starvation? Access to a superior education for every child on Earth? Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals? Terraforming here and the Solar SystemFrom the introduction of the plenary of Dr. Drexler at the January 96 program of the twenty-ninth annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Maui. (An academic meeting of software and systems scientist.)In a world of information, digital technologies have made copying fast, cheap, and perfect, quite independent of cost or complexity of the content. What if the same were to happen in the world of matter? The production cost of a ton of terabyte RAM chips would be about the same as the production cost of steel. Design costs would matter, production costs wouldnt. BibliographyTHE NEXT GENERATIONS